Mealworms are often used to feed chickens, reptiles and other animals. They are also considered a delicacy by some people. But how safe are mealworms to eat? Are you putting your pets and yourself at risk by eating them?
The chances of getting bacterial infection from mealworms is very low. Mealworms for human and animal consumption are cooked and processed to further remove the threat.
Are Mealworm Bacteria Dangerous?
Mealworms can come into contact with bacteria through their environment or food source. The bacteria can include both harmless and potentially harmful strains. For instance, mealworms reared in unsanitary conditions may carry higher levels of bacteria, including pathogens such as Salmonella or E. coli.
I want to note that mealworms have natural defenses that minimize bacterial growth. Their exoskeleton has antimicrobial properties for one thing. Chitin also plays a huge role in minimizing bacteria growth.
The gut microbiota in mealworms have proteolytic enzymes that reduce bacterial populations in their digestive system. The pH level also discourages bacterial from spreading.
Mealworms sold for human and animal consumption are also cooked and processed to eliminate these threats. Common methods like freeze-drying, blanching, or roasting eliminate or kill any bacteria present on the mealworms.
To be on the safe side however, you should always follow proper hygiene practices when handling and preparing mealworms. This includes sourcing mealworms from reputable suppliers. Of course if you have a mealworm farm you have full control over this.
I also want to add that proper storage, thorough cooking and avoiding cross-contamination with other foods are essential.
What Types of Bacteria Do Mealworms Have?
Mealworms are not known to carry bacteria that are harmful to humans. In fact, they are generally considered safe to eat. They are not only safe to eat but also nutritious for both humans and animals.
Just like other organisms though, mealworms can harbor various bacteria. Most of them are harmless but others can potentially cause infection if they enter the human body.
One common bacteria found on mealworms is Bacillus subtilis. This bacterium is typically harmless and is even used as a probiotic in some foods. It aids in digestion, promotes the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, and helps maintain a healthy digestive system.
Another bacterium in mealworms is Staphylococcus xylosus. It can be found on the surface of the mealworm’s exoskeleton, but it is not typically a cause for concern. In fact, this bacterium is widely used in the production of fermented foods such as sausages. It is not only safe for humans but also adds to meat preservation and improves flavor.
There was also a study conducted in 2019 which revealed that mealworms also carry other bacteria like Escherichia coli (commonly known as E. coli) and Enterococcus faecalis.
I have to point out that the presence of these bacteria on mealworms does not necessarily indicate a risk to human health. The types of bacteria found in mealworms depends on the environment and other factors. Wild mealworms are more likely to contain harmful bacteria than those raised in controlled conditions.
Despite the presence of these bacteria, the risk of contracting any diseases from eating mealworms is low. When mealworms are properly cooked or freeze-dried, bacteria are destroyed. If mealworms are not properly cooked or not handled correctly, risk of infection goes up This applies not just to mealworms but all foods though.
One more thing: if you have allergies or dietary restrictions, you should consult your health provider first before eating mealworms.
Can Mealworms Carry Diseases?
Mealworms are not known to be carriers of human diseases. Unlike mosquitoes or ticks that can transmit diseases like malaria or Lyme disease, mealworms cannot do this. It is impossible for a mealworm to directly infect humans the ways mosquitoes do for example.
If there is a risk, it is from the way they are handled. When mealworms are bred in commercial settings, they are usually raised in a controlled environment. But if the mealworms are sourced or bred in less hygienic conditions, contamination can occur.
Mealworms are typically fed a diet of grains, fruits, and vegetables. If these food sources are contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, the mealworms can become carriers. If these mealworms are cooked incorrectly, then bacterial infection might happen.
Related. Can Dried Mealworms Turn into Beetles?
The risk of disease transmission from mealworms can be reduced through proper handling and cooking practices. If you are using mealworms as pet food, make sure they are purchased from a reputable source that maintains high hygiene standards.
I suggest you cook mealworms thoroughly before feeding them to your pets or for yourself. This alone is enough to get rid of possible diseases and bacteria.
Bottom line is that mealworms aren’t capable of directly infecting people. It only happens when they are improperly cooked. But if you take the right steps this can be avoided.
How to Protect Livestock from Mealworm Diseases
While mealworms are not likely to infect you, it is possible for mealworms to get afflicted by infestations and other illnesses. Here are some things you can do to protect your farm and livestock.
Clean the area: Regularly clean and disinfect livestock housing and feeding areas. Mealworm diseases can thrive in dirty and unhygienic conditions. This is the single best thing you can do prevent infection.
Quarantine incoming animals: If you are introducing new livestock in your flock, isolate them for a few days. This gives you time to observe them for signs of any possible diseases.
Maintain proper nutrition: Your mealworms and livestock need balanced nutrition to fight diseases. A well-fed and healthy animal is more resistant to infection. Consult a veterinarian or animal nutritionist if necessary.
Implement biosecurity measures: You can limit access to the farm or livestock areas by humans and animals. This works two ways: you protect your stock and also the visitors from any possible contamination.
Practice good hygiene: Everyone who handles the livestock should follow proper sanitation practices. Washing hands, changing clothes, wearing a mask when cleaning etc.
Control pests: Mealworm diseases can be transmitted through flies, rodents or mites. You have to protect your livestock and mealworms from these pests. Again, the key is to keep the place clean.
Additional Protective Measures
Monitor and observe the animals: Inspect your livestock for any signs of sickness. This includes changes in behavior, lack of appetite, weight loss, or abnormal discharge. Early detection of symptoms is essential for treatment and to avoid it spreading.
Vaccination and treatment: Consult with a veterinarian and get your livestock vaccinated against mealworm diseases. The process differs depending on the animal so talk with your vet first.
Avoid overcrowding: Overcrowding livestock can lead to stress, weakened immune systems and greater disease susceptibility. Your livestock must have enough space for them to move freely and without making contact with their waste.
Remember, prevention is always better than cure. By implementing these measures and maintaining a proactive approach to livestock health, you can reduce the risks associated with mealworm diseases.
Conclusion
Any organism can carry bacteria, and mealworms are no exception. But the good thing is that it can be prevented easily. As I explained here, there are only a few things you need to do to keep your mealworms, your pets, livestock and yourself safe.
